Cadmore media player playing video Accessibility in a Nutshell
Video Player
Accessibility
Using forms mode, you can utilize keyboard shortcuts to make usability more efficient.
Space bar will play and pause the video. Pressing escape will close all displays and pressing it again will jump to the end of the player.
You can press A to open the Keyboard Shortcut Dialog which also provides an audio description of the player and all of its features.
Language
1x
Play Speed
Adjust Volume
Transcript
Search
Result Count
of
Click to jump to result
Search
Re-center
Segments
Result Count
of
Click to jump to result
Search
Name:
Accessibility in a Nutshell
Description:
Accessibility in a Nutshell
Thumbnail URL:
https://cadmoremediastorage.blob.core.windows.net/769e346c-41da-458a-93fd-612836ea22eb/videoscrubberimages/Scrubber_1.jpg
Duration:
T00H31M17S
Embed URL:
https://stream.cadmore.media/player/769e346c-41da-458a-93fd-612836ea22eb
Content URL:
https://cadmoreoriginalmedia.blob.core.windows.net/769e346c-41da-458a-93fd-612836ea22eb/NISO-Accessibility_in_a_Nutshell.mp4?sv=2019-02-02&sr=c&sig=XHyxO16Ka8ajqooMpNa5rtN%2FP05p32jhqIDtIUcHPZA%3D&st=2025-01-15T05%3A05%3A44Z&se=2025-01-15T07%3A10%3A44Z&sp=r
Upload Date:
2021-06-30T00:00:00.0000000
Transcript:
Language: EN.
Segment:0 .
- [George Kerscher] Hello, everybody, my name is George Kerscher. The presentation I'm going to be doing is Accessibility in a Nutshell what every publisher, librarian and educator should know. I'm Chief Innovations Officer with the DAISY Consortium and senior officer of global literacy with Benetech. So the abstract that was circulated is on this slide. I'll mention now that I'm blind and I use a screen reader.
So I know about the technology and I use it every day, that I'll be talking about here. In this 30 minutes, I do hope to provide information that is going to be beneficial for all of the groups. There's a lot of content here and I'm going to be moving very quickly and gloss over some of the slides. So the overview of the presentation today is on the screen.
I'm not gonna read through it but I'll be covering each one of these topics very quickly as we walk through. So the big picture. People with print disabilities cannot read print. blind, low vision, dyslexic, people with learning differences. Print is their biggest problem in life. And because books are now digital, we have a lot of opportunities for people with disabilities to use their assistive technology to get access to the information.
So we'll be talking about a lot of those today and I'll be doing a demo of the screen reader later on. So certainly the largest group of people are people with with dyslexia. It is a surprisingly large group, so the people with learning disabilities and dyslexia need to adjust fonts, need to change foreground and background colours, adjust line spacing and margins and text to speech for read loud when it's available.
So people who have low vision need a lot of the same things that people with dyslexia need. So the ability to pick a font that's easier to read, enlarge the size of the font, of course, and change foreground and background colours. So that's absolutely essential. So the disability group, the blindness disability group, is a very small portion of the population but it's very vocal.
And so we've been demanding access to printed information for years. And finally, we're beginning to see that. So the blind person uses what is called a screen reader. And they will use a screen reader with text to speech. And that presents the information. But the other important aspect of this is navigation. Where the ability to move quickly from the table of contents into the book, go directly to print pages, all of these things are absolutely essential.
And one of the points I wanna make here is that the mainstream population want to be able to adjust the foreground, the background, the font size, and make all of the kinds of adjustments and essentially nestle in to read and it's the same kind of requirements that the disability community has as the mainstream. So there we go.
So EPUB 3, the standard for publishing today meets all of these requirements. It's based on HTML, CSS, and the open web platform. All the accessibility features from HTML are inherited in the EPUBs because it's HTML inside that EPUB zip container. We have scalable funds that reflow so you can use the EPUB on any type size screen, change the fonts, and it reflows so it works just as well on a smartphone as it does on a huge screen computer.
Foreground and background colours can be changed through CSS, Margins and line spacing. These are all CSS, cascading style sheets features and the ability to select different types of fonts such as a dyslexic friendly bond. So, on this slide, we have two images. This book is from Kogan Page and it's a human resources book. The one image is of Thorium on Windows, and it shows that the fonts have been modified.
The screen colours have been chosen, and the text has been enlarged. The second screenshot is from Vital Source bookshelf on Android. Now, it's the same book on both systems. It's just that the individuals are allowed to select the features from the reading system that allow them to make the adjustments.
I was in a presentation, accessing higher ground this last November, and we were demonstrating Thorium to the group of educators there. And we made these changes. And a woman sitting in the audience said, "I can read it now." I talked with her after the session. She is dyslexic.
She knows a lot about dyslexia. And she said, by making these kinds of changes, she can just read the content. Naturally. The same kinds of features could be used to make changes for people with low vision. Okay, so EPUB meets the accessibility requirements for all disability groups. So the people who are blind can read the text that the information with their screen reader.
It has the text in the proper reading order, which is not true, some formats. Table of Contents is present. Go to page same as the print version. So in the EPUB, there's a page list with the same numbers from the print book. And you can go to that page and you're at the top of the same page as the print book. This is critical for students who, when they're told to turn to page 50, you can get there very quickly just as quickly as anybody else.
This is also important for trade books where people are talking about discussing in book clubs, the books they're reading, and they want to go to a passage. All of this is super important. Images have all text short descriptions of the image that explains it or it has an extended description if that image carries a whole lot of information in it, and it needs to be explained more fully.
A bar chart, for example, with an extended description that has a table that shows the same information. And MAthML is also supported in EPUB. So I'm gonna be doing a demonstration of a screen reader. I'm using NVDA Non-Visual Desktop Access. And I'm using Thorium, which is free and available in the Microsoft bookstore on Windows.
The book is Introduction to Brain and Behaviour, a college textbook and the publishers Macmillan Learning. This book was certified as accessible by Benetech and is really a great book. Now when we look at this demo, we need to think about the reading systems. So we've got two things. We've got the book itself in EPUB and we've got the reading system and the reading system, the EPUB3 reading system.
They're available on all platforms. And the accessibility of these reading systems don't happen by accident. Developers have to be aware of what they're doing, they have to understand how screen readers and other technologies work. Screen readers are probably one of the trickier ones to get to work right. But if you get it working with a screen reader, there's a good chance it's gonna work for all kinds of different access technologies.
We need to be able to test the reading system and I've got a link to epubtest.org there, where we conduct testing of reading system with all kinds of assistive technologies. And we have a great group of volunteers that are working on that. And we contact the developer, and they're sometimes responsive, but we let them know about their issues and gets into their production process for the next release to fix.
We have a roundup of reading system recommendations. I've got the link here, and that sits out on inclusivepublishing.org. And here we go with our screen reader demo. Okay. NVDA with Thorium, and we're using the book Intro to Brain and Behaviour by Macmillan Learning. I've open Thorium and it reads remembers the last place I was reading in this book and opens to that page.
But I wanna start by showing you the navigation. So I'm going to, and you're going to hear the screen reader. - [Virtual Reader] Read a new menu navigation landmark, list with four items listed with four items, navigation graphic button. - [George Kerscher] So there's the button for-- - [Virtual Reader] list, item, table of contents button. - [George Kerscher] Table of contents. - [Virtual Reader] Button, landmarks.
- [George Kerscher] I've got landmarks, annotations, go to page, bookmarks-- - [Virtual Reader] button down the list button graphic novelist with five items button table of content. - [George Kerscher] And here's the table of contents. So this is a-- - [Virtual Reader] Table of contents list with 23 items heading level one link-- - [George Kerscher] This is the structured view of the Table of Contents.
So if I use my screen reader navigation keys to go to the first level one, I just hit the number one-- - [Virtual Reader] Chapter one, what are the origins of brain and behaviour link adding level one. - [George Kerscher] And I could use my next heading - [Virtual Reader] list with eight items clinical focus one dash one colon.
living with traumatic brain injury link heading level two, - [George Kerscher] Or move down. - [Virtual Reader] heading level two link one dash one to the brain in the 20 dash first century. - [George Kerscher] Or I could go to the next chapter-- - [Virtual Reader] Chapter two what is the nervous systems functional anatomy link heading level one list with nine items heading level two link research focused through dash one colon.
A genesis of the cerebellum. - [George Kerscher] So this is a college textbook obviously - [Virtual Reader] Heading level two link through dash one overview of brain function and structure. - [George Kerscher] So let's go there. - [Virtual Reader] Main content main landmark main content, clickable main content main content. 33 through national overview of brain function and structures, the brain's primary function is to produce movement and collectively This is termed behaviour to produce effective behaviour we take in sensory information.
- [George Kerscher] So I'm On page 33, it told me that and started reading. And I can press down arrow to read by line. - [Virtual Reader] The brain's primary function is to produce movement and collectively this is term behaviour to produce effective behaviour we take in sensory information dash such as vision audition, olfaction. - [George Kerscher] Oh boy, some words there.
- [Virtual Reader] Effective. - [George Kerscher] I'm going word by word. - [Virtual Reader] Behaviour, we take in sensory information, m dash such as vision, audition. - [George Kerscher] Audition, how do you spell that? - [Virtual Reader] A-U-D-I-T-I-O-N. - [George Kerscher] So I can navigate by line, word, character. - [Virtual Reader] Tip complimentary landmark principle one colon the nervous and reduces-- - [George Kerscher] And my blocks of text.
So this happens to be a navigation-- - [Virtual Reader] Based on external stimuli, the brain cannot-- - [George Kerscher] I can hit go quickly to that landmark. - [Virtual Reader] Tip complimentary landmark, tip principle one colon the nervous system produces movement in perceptual worlds or brain constructs. Plastic patterns of neural organisation, region, plastic patterns of neural organisation heading level three.
- [George Kerscher] So I just moved to the next heading. So it's very important for the blind person to be able to navigate very quickly through the book. So we already went to the table of contents directly into a section. And in that section, we could navigate by headings or landmarks. But we can also go to a particular page, - [Virtual Reader] Heading level 2 three dash three genes, cells and behaviour.
- [George Kerscher] So I'm gonna demonstrate going to a page. - [Virtual Reader] Reading new menu navigation landmark list with four items listed with four items list with five I button, button button on the go to page. - [George Kerscher] So I'm going to go to the page-- - [Virtual Reader] Enter a page number, focus mode. - [George Kerscher] And I'm gonna go to page-- - [Virtual Reader] One, two, zero, browse mode, go to button, Gen 120 separate.
- [George Kerscher] So I'm now on page 120 if the teacher told me turn to page 120, I can get there very quickly. - [Virtual Reader] On neural dendrites, these areas can start channels that can open and close. - [George Kerscher] Just like I do anywhere else. I should also add that with a screen reader reading like this, it's the same reading skills that you have with reading a web page, or even Word documents so to learn how to read EPUB in a reading system, all of the skills that you already know carry forward.
So this makes it easy for the blind person to use and navigate EPUB reading systems. One thing I wanted to finish with is that most blind people are reading at a different rate than what we have here, and you can increase the reading speed. And I'll move this to the speed that I normally read at. - [Virtual Reader] Rate, 27.
Rate 32 rate 37 rate 42. - [George Kerscher] So this is my normal reading speed right now. - [Virtual Reader] On neuronal dendrites, these areas contain data channels that can open and close thereby changing the membrane potential as illustrated in link video, forward dash 13 not three channels, m dash for potassium chloride and sodium ions m dash underlie.
- [George Kerscher] You press stop and you can pick up reading exactly where-- - [Virtual Reader] List of three items one. Potassium channels for the membranes will become-- - [George Kerscher] And that's normally how I read and of course, this is a reading speed that is much faster than normally spoken material.
But it allows a blind person to read at speeds of 250 words plus a minute which is excellent at the at the college level. There are other format options I'm gonna quickly mention that HTML is a good option, articles and things. Documents are made available in HTML and they can be read sometimes they're tricky to read with on a phone and the navigation and the controls and the modifications aren't quite as strong as they are in any EPUB reading system.
Of course, everybody knows about PDF, which is great for printing. It's designed to faithfully print the same everywhere. It's not intended to be modified and changed, which is exactly the opposite of the EPUB. It was never designed to be an online reading experience. A lot of people like PDF, because it looks like the book that they're the other students in the classroom are using, but most people find it very frustrating.
And it needs to be tagged properly for reading order, it needs to be tagged for the semantics of headings and paragraphs and lists and so on. And it takes quite a bit of knowledge to tag a PDF properly, and that makes it somewhat accessible. But when we talk to blind people, they say PDF stands for pretty damn frustrating.
So, a little word about the mainstream and services for people who are blind and print disabled. So until recently, the only choice was to go to a specialised service, like the Library of Congress, NLS, or Recording for the Blind which is now Learning Ally and Bookshare is the largest provider of alternative information in the world.
And Bookshare is rather unique in that they have the ability to transform the books into a whole range of different formats. So they do EPUB, Daisy books. They will do a Braille ready file BRF even providing Word documents. So... And audio of these things produced with text to speech. But all of these organisations still only produce a fraction of the information that's published in the mainstream.
And we have an amazing opportunity with the accessibility of books that are born accessible, that are born at the same time as the commercial version comes out the commercial version is fully accessible. And this is exactly what the Worldline Union has been chanting that they want the same book at the same time and at the same price. And another item is that this means that people with disabilities are not separate and apart from the mainstream, but integrated into an inclusive publishing society.
So there's great software and supporting materials for EPUB. So EPUB 3.2 is the current recommendation from the W3C, and it's compatible with all EPUB three versions, so it's backward compatible. The accessibility EPUB accessibility conformance and discovery specification is under vote by NISO right now to become an ISO international standards organisation standard.
So get out and vote for this wonderful spec. We have the Accessibility Checker for EPUB, Ace by Daisy, free and open source and we'd like to thank Google for their Google impact challenge grant that made that possible. We also have smart, which is a simple manual accessibility reporting tool, because there's only so many things that can be done automatically.
And some things just require human intelligence in order to determine if it's accessible. And the knowledge base which is linked in two by both of these pieces of software is an authoritative database of accessible techniques that really explains why and how to use different HTML markup and CSS in order to make books accessible.
So there's authoring tools now, Google Docs, Pages, LibreOffice, InDesign, produce EPUB. And now WordToEPUB is available. And Microsoft has a good Accessibility Checker in Word that should be run. And it's just dropped dead easy to make a great board accessible EPUB that everybody can use for it with the WordToEPUB tool.
So go to daisy.org/wordtoepub and get that. It does a great job of producing your content. Use the tools that are in word for creating citations and adding images and all text. Use your name styles for heading and you'll get a great EPUB out of it.
So accessibility metadata is defined in the EPUB accessibility spec. It's schema.org metadata that's inside the EPUB. So it's carried along with the EPUB inside the EPUB when a book is ingested into a platform be it Apple, or Vital Source or which anybody, that metadata could be extracted. And we're going to talk about exposing that.
So some of the metadata fields are accessibility summary, which is a human readable description of the accessibility features in this book. And this is intended to be something that anybody could read and say, "Okay, I understand about the accessibility of this." This particular title. Conforms to identifies the spec that it conforms to, and we recommend WCAG at the AA level.
And in addition the EPUB specific requirements. And if it supports both of those, if it conforms to then that would be a Born Accessible title, and certification certified by identify who is making the claim of that accessibility, whether it's the publisher or a third party. Access mode sufficient is an interesting metadata term.
And if it's textual, it means that all of the book could be consumed using text. So the images would have all text that make them accessible and everything in the book would be presented through text, which is essential for text to speech reading. So exposing metadata to patrons and customers. So the publishers make ONIX metadata available as well.
And in ONIX, there's code page 196, which is for accessibility, and we would love publishers to do this. We built a crosswalk between schema.org and ONIX for accessibility. I've got the link here. We're also in the community group publishing community group at the W3C working on a user experience guide. So how do you expose to end users schema or ONIX or mark or bib frame is a really good question.
And so one of the items for example, access mode sufficient equals textual would translate to screen reader friendly and through this user experience guide, the accessibility metadata could be made available and usable to people viewing that website. There are issues that we need to to address that are problems.
We need all publishers using this technology. We need to have the publishers including accessibility metadata in the book and creating ONIX speeds of accessibility. We need to get everybody to buy Born Accessible. Universities libraries need to specify that they want Born Accessible titles and this whole movement to buy Accessible is super important.
We need to get rid of inaccessible EPUB reading systems. Some are really antiquated and do not work for people with disabilities. Digital Editions is how one example of that. I don't think it's been updated in 10 years, I don't know. We also need K-12 to embrace EPUB in the same way that higher ed has embraced EPUB.
And now that we've got authoring tools, we need professors to produce EPUB materials and not just PDF. You can do the PDF but you need to produce an EPUB alongside that, because the PDF just doesn't work for so many people, and you're going to save yourself a tonne of work in having to go in there, tag the PDF just direct people with disabilities to EPUB version.
And finally open educational resources. We need to turn them on to EPUB and the tools to make EPUB and they need to be just as accessible as the commercial products that are out there. We need to hold them to the same high standards. Okay, what I would love to see. I think libraries need to learn how to serve persons with disabilities. There are some libraries that do have a handle on this and are making efforts to include people with disabilities but it's not universal.
I think we need a lot more training for librarians and libraries may develop programmes that make their library more inclusive. And I think Identifying persons with different print disabilities, and learning about the tools and techniques and methods to help them gain access to information would be great for the libraries to do. And of course, as I mentioned, libraries need to buy Born Accessible content.
We still need a crosswalk from schema and ONIX to MARC and BIBFRAME that is something that needs to be done, I would hope fairly soon. And then the exposing of metadata is something that's super important. Vital Source started exposing their metadata. And that was great and we saw that being exposed. And that got us into creating the user experience guide.
What is the right way to present this metadata to end users. but libraries need to be doing the same kind of thing. So they expose in their catalogues the accessibility of the digital materials they've got. And we need to become an inclusive publishing society, I'd love to see it if we started teaching, how to create digital documents that are Born Accessible.
I'd love to see this even in lower grades. So finally, the bookmark that I would recommend is inclusivepublishing.org where there is great information for educators, publishers, developers for end users. It's a great portal doesn't create all the information ourselves there, but we find authoritative articles and information and point to it.
So thank you and I'm sorry that I couldn't be there live today but thank you NISO for having being as a guest today.
Segment:0 .
- [George Kerscher] Hello, everybody, my name is George Kerscher. The presentation I'm going to be doing is Accessibility in a Nutshell what every publisher, librarian and educator should know. I'm Chief Innovations Officer with the DAISY Consortium and senior officer of global literacy with Benetech. So the abstract that was circulated is on this slide. I'll mention now that I'm blind and I use a screen reader.
So I know about the technology and I use it every day, that I'll be talking about here. In this 30 minutes, I do hope to provide information that is going to be beneficial for all of the groups. There's a lot of content here and I'm going to be moving very quickly and gloss over some of the slides. So the overview of the presentation today is on the screen.
I'm not gonna read through it but I'll be covering each one of these topics very quickly as we walk through. So the big picture. People with print disabilities cannot read print. blind, low vision, dyslexic, people with learning differences. Print is their biggest problem in life. And because books are now digital, we have a lot of opportunities for people with disabilities to use their assistive technology to get access to the information.
So we'll be talking about a lot of those today and I'll be doing a demo of the screen reader later on. So certainly the largest group of people are people with with dyslexia. It is a surprisingly large group, so the people with learning disabilities and dyslexia need to adjust fonts, need to change foreground and background colours, adjust line spacing and margins and text to speech for read loud when it's available.
So people who have low vision need a lot of the same things that people with dyslexia need. So the ability to pick a font that's easier to read, enlarge the size of the font, of course, and change foreground and background colours. So that's absolutely essential. So the disability group, the blindness disability group, is a very small portion of the population but it's very vocal.
And so we've been demanding access to printed information for years. And finally, we're beginning to see that. So the blind person uses what is called a screen reader. And they will use a screen reader with text to speech. And that presents the information. But the other important aspect of this is navigation. Where the ability to move quickly from the table of contents into the book, go directly to print pages, all of these things are absolutely essential.
And one of the points I wanna make here is that the mainstream population want to be able to adjust the foreground, the background, the font size, and make all of the kinds of adjustments and essentially nestle in to read and it's the same kind of requirements that the disability community has as the mainstream. So there we go.
So EPUB 3, the standard for publishing today meets all of these requirements. It's based on HTML, CSS, and the open web platform. All the accessibility features from HTML are inherited in the EPUBs because it's HTML inside that EPUB zip container. We have scalable funds that reflow so you can use the EPUB on any type size screen, change the fonts, and it reflows so it works just as well on a smartphone as it does on a huge screen computer.
Foreground and background colours can be changed through CSS, Margins and line spacing. These are all CSS, cascading style sheets features and the ability to select different types of fonts such as a dyslexic friendly bond. So, on this slide, we have two images. This book is from Kogan Page and it's a human resources book. The one image is of Thorium on Windows, and it shows that the fonts have been modified.
The screen colours have been chosen, and the text has been enlarged. The second screenshot is from Vital Source bookshelf on Android. Now, it's the same book on both systems. It's just that the individuals are allowed to select the features from the reading system that allow them to make the adjustments.
I was in a presentation, accessing higher ground this last November, and we were demonstrating Thorium to the group of educators there. And we made these changes. And a woman sitting in the audience said, "I can read it now." I talked with her after the session. She is dyslexic.
She knows a lot about dyslexia. And she said, by making these kinds of changes, she can just read the content. Naturally. The same kinds of features could be used to make changes for people with low vision. Okay, so EPUB meets the accessibility requirements for all disability groups. So the people who are blind can read the text that the information with their screen reader.
It has the text in the proper reading order, which is not true, some formats. Table of Contents is present. Go to page same as the print version. So in the EPUB, there's a page list with the same numbers from the print book. And you can go to that page and you're at the top of the same page as the print book. This is critical for students who, when they're told to turn to page 50, you can get there very quickly just as quickly as anybody else.
This is also important for trade books where people are talking about discussing in book clubs, the books they're reading, and they want to go to a passage. All of this is super important. Images have all text short descriptions of the image that explains it or it has an extended description if that image carries a whole lot of information in it, and it needs to be explained more fully.
A bar chart, for example, with an extended description that has a table that shows the same information. And MAthML is also supported in EPUB. So I'm gonna be doing a demonstration of a screen reader. I'm using NVDA Non-Visual Desktop Access. And I'm using Thorium, which is free and available in the Microsoft bookstore on Windows.
The book is Introduction to Brain and Behaviour, a college textbook and the publishers Macmillan Learning. This book was certified as accessible by Benetech and is really a great book. Now when we look at this demo, we need to think about the reading systems. So we've got two things. We've got the book itself in EPUB and we've got the reading system and the reading system, the EPUB3 reading system.
They're available on all platforms. And the accessibility of these reading systems don't happen by accident. Developers have to be aware of what they're doing, they have to understand how screen readers and other technologies work. Screen readers are probably one of the trickier ones to get to work right. But if you get it working with a screen reader, there's a good chance it's gonna work for all kinds of different access technologies.
We need to be able to test the reading system and I've got a link to epubtest.org there, where we conduct testing of reading system with all kinds of assistive technologies. And we have a great group of volunteers that are working on that. And we contact the developer, and they're sometimes responsive, but we let them know about their issues and gets into their production process for the next release to fix.
We have a roundup of reading system recommendations. I've got the link here, and that sits out on inclusivepublishing.org. And here we go with our screen reader demo. Okay. NVDA with Thorium, and we're using the book Intro to Brain and Behaviour by Macmillan Learning. I've open Thorium and it reads remembers the last place I was reading in this book and opens to that page.
But I wanna start by showing you the navigation. So I'm going to, and you're going to hear the screen reader. - [Virtual Reader] Read a new menu navigation landmark, list with four items listed with four items, navigation graphic button. - [George Kerscher] So there's the button for-- - [Virtual Reader] list, item, table of contents button. - [George Kerscher] Table of contents. - [Virtual Reader] Button, landmarks.
- [George Kerscher] I've got landmarks, annotations, go to page, bookmarks-- - [Virtual Reader] button down the list button graphic novelist with five items button table of content. - [George Kerscher] And here's the table of contents. So this is a-- - [Virtual Reader] Table of contents list with 23 items heading level one link-- - [George Kerscher] This is the structured view of the Table of Contents.
So if I use my screen reader navigation keys to go to the first level one, I just hit the number one-- - [Virtual Reader] Chapter one, what are the origins of brain and behaviour link adding level one. - [George Kerscher] And I could use my next heading - [Virtual Reader] list with eight items clinical focus one dash one colon.
living with traumatic brain injury link heading level two, - [George Kerscher] Or move down. - [Virtual Reader] heading level two link one dash one to the brain in the 20 dash first century. - [George Kerscher] Or I could go to the next chapter-- - [Virtual Reader] Chapter two what is the nervous systems functional anatomy link heading level one list with nine items heading level two link research focused through dash one colon.
A genesis of the cerebellum. - [George Kerscher] So this is a college textbook obviously - [Virtual Reader] Heading level two link through dash one overview of brain function and structure. - [George Kerscher] So let's go there. - [Virtual Reader] Main content main landmark main content, clickable main content main content. 33 through national overview of brain function and structures, the brain's primary function is to produce movement and collectively This is termed behaviour to produce effective behaviour we take in sensory information.
- [George Kerscher] So I'm On page 33, it told me that and started reading. And I can press down arrow to read by line. - [Virtual Reader] The brain's primary function is to produce movement and collectively this is term behaviour to produce effective behaviour we take in sensory information dash such as vision audition, olfaction. - [George Kerscher] Oh boy, some words there.
- [Virtual Reader] Effective. - [George Kerscher] I'm going word by word. - [Virtual Reader] Behaviour, we take in sensory information, m dash such as vision, audition. - [George Kerscher] Audition, how do you spell that? - [Virtual Reader] A-U-D-I-T-I-O-N. - [George Kerscher] So I can navigate by line, word, character. - [Virtual Reader] Tip complimentary landmark principle one colon the nervous and reduces-- - [George Kerscher] And my blocks of text.
So this happens to be a navigation-- - [Virtual Reader] Based on external stimuli, the brain cannot-- - [George Kerscher] I can hit go quickly to that landmark. - [Virtual Reader] Tip complimentary landmark, tip principle one colon the nervous system produces movement in perceptual worlds or brain constructs. Plastic patterns of neural organisation, region, plastic patterns of neural organisation heading level three.
- [George Kerscher] So I just moved to the next heading. So it's very important for the blind person to be able to navigate very quickly through the book. So we already went to the table of contents directly into a section. And in that section, we could navigate by headings or landmarks. But we can also go to a particular page, - [Virtual Reader] Heading level 2 three dash three genes, cells and behaviour.
- [George Kerscher] So I'm gonna demonstrate going to a page. - [Virtual Reader] Reading new menu navigation landmark list with four items listed with four items list with five I button, button button on the go to page. - [George Kerscher] So I'm going to go to the page-- - [Virtual Reader] Enter a page number, focus mode. - [George Kerscher] And I'm gonna go to page-- - [Virtual Reader] One, two, zero, browse mode, go to button, Gen 120 separate.
- [George Kerscher] So I'm now on page 120 if the teacher told me turn to page 120, I can get there very quickly. - [Virtual Reader] On neural dendrites, these areas can start channels that can open and close. - [George Kerscher] Just like I do anywhere else. I should also add that with a screen reader reading like this, it's the same reading skills that you have with reading a web page, or even Word documents so to learn how to read EPUB in a reading system, all of the skills that you already know carry forward.
So this makes it easy for the blind person to use and navigate EPUB reading systems. One thing I wanted to finish with is that most blind people are reading at a different rate than what we have here, and you can increase the reading speed. And I'll move this to the speed that I normally read at. - [Virtual Reader] Rate, 27.
Rate 32 rate 37 rate 42. - [George Kerscher] So this is my normal reading speed right now. - [Virtual Reader] On neuronal dendrites, these areas contain data channels that can open and close thereby changing the membrane potential as illustrated in link video, forward dash 13 not three channels, m dash for potassium chloride and sodium ions m dash underlie.
- [George Kerscher] You press stop and you can pick up reading exactly where-- - [Virtual Reader] List of three items one. Potassium channels for the membranes will become-- - [George Kerscher] And that's normally how I read and of course, this is a reading speed that is much faster than normally spoken material.
But it allows a blind person to read at speeds of 250 words plus a minute which is excellent at the at the college level. There are other format options I'm gonna quickly mention that HTML is a good option, articles and things. Documents are made available in HTML and they can be read sometimes they're tricky to read with on a phone and the navigation and the controls and the modifications aren't quite as strong as they are in any EPUB reading system.
Of course, everybody knows about PDF, which is great for printing. It's designed to faithfully print the same everywhere. It's not intended to be modified and changed, which is exactly the opposite of the EPUB. It was never designed to be an online reading experience. A lot of people like PDF, because it looks like the book that they're the other students in the classroom are using, but most people find it very frustrating.
And it needs to be tagged properly for reading order, it needs to be tagged for the semantics of headings and paragraphs and lists and so on. And it takes quite a bit of knowledge to tag a PDF properly, and that makes it somewhat accessible. But when we talk to blind people, they say PDF stands for pretty damn frustrating.
So, a little word about the mainstream and services for people who are blind and print disabled. So until recently, the only choice was to go to a specialised service, like the Library of Congress, NLS, or Recording for the Blind which is now Learning Ally and Bookshare is the largest provider of alternative information in the world.
And Bookshare is rather unique in that they have the ability to transform the books into a whole range of different formats. So they do EPUB, Daisy books. They will do a Braille ready file BRF even providing Word documents. So... And audio of these things produced with text to speech. But all of these organisations still only produce a fraction of the information that's published in the mainstream.
And we have an amazing opportunity with the accessibility of books that are born accessible, that are born at the same time as the commercial version comes out the commercial version is fully accessible. And this is exactly what the Worldline Union has been chanting that they want the same book at the same time and at the same price. And another item is that this means that people with disabilities are not separate and apart from the mainstream, but integrated into an inclusive publishing society.
So there's great software and supporting materials for EPUB. So EPUB 3.2 is the current recommendation from the W3C, and it's compatible with all EPUB three versions, so it's backward compatible. The accessibility EPUB accessibility conformance and discovery specification is under vote by NISO right now to become an ISO international standards organisation standard.
So get out and vote for this wonderful spec. We have the Accessibility Checker for EPUB, Ace by Daisy, free and open source and we'd like to thank Google for their Google impact challenge grant that made that possible. We also have smart, which is a simple manual accessibility reporting tool, because there's only so many things that can be done automatically.
And some things just require human intelligence in order to determine if it's accessible. And the knowledge base which is linked in two by both of these pieces of software is an authoritative database of accessible techniques that really explains why and how to use different HTML markup and CSS in order to make books accessible.
So there's authoring tools now, Google Docs, Pages, LibreOffice, InDesign, produce EPUB. And now WordToEPUB is available. And Microsoft has a good Accessibility Checker in Word that should be run. And it's just dropped dead easy to make a great board accessible EPUB that everybody can use for it with the WordToEPUB tool.
So go to daisy.org/wordtoepub and get that. It does a great job of producing your content. Use the tools that are in word for creating citations and adding images and all text. Use your name styles for heading and you'll get a great EPUB out of it.
So accessibility metadata is defined in the EPUB accessibility spec. It's schema.org metadata that's inside the EPUB. So it's carried along with the EPUB inside the EPUB when a book is ingested into a platform be it Apple, or Vital Source or which anybody, that metadata could be extracted. And we're going to talk about exposing that.
So some of the metadata fields are accessibility summary, which is a human readable description of the accessibility features in this book. And this is intended to be something that anybody could read and say, "Okay, I understand about the accessibility of this." This particular title. Conforms to identifies the spec that it conforms to, and we recommend WCAG at the AA level.
And in addition the EPUB specific requirements. And if it supports both of those, if it conforms to then that would be a Born Accessible title, and certification certified by identify who is making the claim of that accessibility, whether it's the publisher or a third party. Access mode sufficient is an interesting metadata term.
And if it's textual, it means that all of the book could be consumed using text. So the images would have all text that make them accessible and everything in the book would be presented through text, which is essential for text to speech reading. So exposing metadata to patrons and customers. So the publishers make ONIX metadata available as well.
And in ONIX, there's code page 196, which is for accessibility, and we would love publishers to do this. We built a crosswalk between schema.org and ONIX for accessibility. I've got the link here. We're also in the community group publishing community group at the W3C working on a user experience guide. So how do you expose to end users schema or ONIX or mark or bib frame is a really good question.
And so one of the items for example, access mode sufficient equals textual would translate to screen reader friendly and through this user experience guide, the accessibility metadata could be made available and usable to people viewing that website. There are issues that we need to to address that are problems.
We need all publishers using this technology. We need to have the publishers including accessibility metadata in the book and creating ONIX speeds of accessibility. We need to get everybody to buy Born Accessible. Universities libraries need to specify that they want Born Accessible titles and this whole movement to buy Accessible is super important.
We need to get rid of inaccessible EPUB reading systems. Some are really antiquated and do not work for people with disabilities. Digital Editions is how one example of that. I don't think it's been updated in 10 years, I don't know. We also need K-12 to embrace EPUB in the same way that higher ed has embraced EPUB.
And now that we've got authoring tools, we need professors to produce EPUB materials and not just PDF. You can do the PDF but you need to produce an EPUB alongside that, because the PDF just doesn't work for so many people, and you're going to save yourself a tonne of work in having to go in there, tag the PDF just direct people with disabilities to EPUB version.
And finally open educational resources. We need to turn them on to EPUB and the tools to make EPUB and they need to be just as accessible as the commercial products that are out there. We need to hold them to the same high standards. Okay, what I would love to see. I think libraries need to learn how to serve persons with disabilities. There are some libraries that do have a handle on this and are making efforts to include people with disabilities but it's not universal.
I think we need a lot more training for librarians and libraries may develop programmes that make their library more inclusive. And I think Identifying persons with different print disabilities, and learning about the tools and techniques and methods to help them gain access to information would be great for the libraries to do. And of course, as I mentioned, libraries need to buy Born Accessible content.
We still need a crosswalk from schema and ONIX to MARC and BIBFRAME that is something that needs to be done, I would hope fairly soon. And then the exposing of metadata is something that's super important. Vital Source started exposing their metadata. And that was great and we saw that being exposed. And that got us into creating the user experience guide.
What is the right way to present this metadata to end users. but libraries need to be doing the same kind of thing. So they expose in their catalogues the accessibility of the digital materials they've got. And we need to become an inclusive publishing society, I'd love to see it if we started teaching, how to create digital documents that are Born Accessible.
I'd love to see this even in lower grades. So finally, the bookmark that I would recommend is inclusivepublishing.org where there is great information for educators, publishers, developers for end users. It's a great portal doesn't create all the information ourselves there, but we find authoritative articles and information and point to it.
So thank you and I'm sorry that I couldn't be there live today but thank you NISO for having being as a guest today.
Form Title Download
Transcript
Form Title Bookmark
Entire Media
Segment(s)
Custom Clip
Start At:
End At:
Form Title Share
Entire Media
Segment(s)
Custom Clip
Start At:
End At:
Form Title Accessibility and Keyboard Shortcuts
The cadmore media player is a professional video and audio player experience designed to deliver media as well as relevant transcript, segmentation, and metadata. On the screen is a traditional html video player with buttons such as play, pause, forward, captioning, language and play speed selection and more. Adjacent to the video player are generally tabs, one of which shows a scrolling transcript of the video and the other shows any segmentation of the media, sometimes referred to as chapters. At the top of the video is a menu bar containing an Explore button and Tools button. The Explore button allows you to dig deeper into the video by opening up an explore dialog which contains tabs for a visual navigation of the video using thumbnails, an about tab which contains rich metadata about the media, a segments tab which contains further information about the video, and a related tab which contains links to other media related to this media. The tools button opens a menu with options for sharing the media on social media, creating bookmarking links, creating embed codes for your website, generating citations, and more.
Keyboard Shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts only work while you are in forms mode. By entering forms mode, you will be able to quickly access portions of the media player with single key commands.
Spacebar: Play/Pause Toggle
I: Info Menu,
O: Tools Menu
T: Transcript Tab,
S: Segments Tab
F: Forward 15,
R: Rewind 15
L: Languages,
P: Playspeed
M: Mute Toggle,
V: Volume Bar
N: Video Only Toggle,
B: Full Screen Toggle
C: Captions Toggle
Escape: Closes dialogs and menus / Exits Player
Z: Next Transcript Chapter
X: Previous Transcript Chapter
Q: Next Transcript Paragraph
W: Previous Transcript Paragraph
Entire Media
Segment(s)
Custom Clip
Start At:
End At:
Embed Size
-
You Size - Responsive
-
We Size - Responsive
-
Picture Overlay Popup
-
400 x 225
-
512 x 288
-
400 x 700
-
768 x 1024
-
1024 x 512
-
1280 x 608
Form Title Cite
No citation provided.
Info
Segments
Related
Thumbnails
Exit Clip Mode
You have requested to see a portion of the video outside of the clip.
Click OK to switch to the full video or click if you would like to stay inside the clip. You can always go back to the clip with Tools and Clip Mode